(first published in the South
China Morning Post as "Cutting the Fat" February 25,
2013)
PHILIP J. CUNNINGHAM
When politicians stake out
the high moral ground and order a crackdown, it can be a smokescreen for
business as usual, or it can mean they really mean business.
China’s incoming top leader
Xi Jinping has signaled the media that he wants to cut back on banquets, but it
is too soon to say if this means the anti-corruption campaign of the communist
party led is for real, or just a smokescreen for managing public opinion while
consolidating power.
Excessive consumption and
corruption, especially on the part of state officials who are supposed to be
public servants, does make a mockery of the “serve the people” ethos at the
heart of good governance. China faces a destabilizing inequality gap, so the
waste of public resources on empty gestures — like showy motorcades, honor
guards, over-the-top banquets, glitzy hotel receptions and lavish gift-giving —
not only squanders funds needed elsewhere, but fuels indignation while eroding
social harmony and self-respect.
Despite his revolutionary
communist pedigree, it is unlikely that Xi Jinping will be saying “Farewell, my
tycoon,” any time soon, though. The get-rich-quick ethos launched by the canny
“capitalist roader” Deng Xiaoping is still the default ideology in a nation
bereft of meaningful ideology. Fawning over the rich and powerful and
dispensing bribes to officials, typically in hope of cementing connections has
already become a way of life. Laws that are mercilessly enforced when applied
to little people rarely apply to the rich and connected in so-called communist
China. The corruption and crony capitalism openly promoted by Deng’s successor,
Jiang Zemin, still runs deep, even though Jiang, who, a senior powerbroker and
patron of Xi Jinping, has been out of the limelight for a decade.
Putting on aristocratic airs
has become so widespread that an everyday act as simple as the sight of US
Ambassador to Beijing, Gary Locke, carrying his own bag and buying his own
coffee was considered newsworthy in China. Where were his porters and servants?
There is corruption and then
there is corruption.
Cutting back on banquets is
an easy mark, but what about the ill-gotten wealth of hundreds of billionaires
and millions of millionaires in a poor, developing country with no social
safety net?
Cutting back on banquets and
the maotai toasts in the military is one thing, but what about restraining dry
drunk generals gunning for conflict, high on China’s newfound wealth, arrogance
and advanced weaponry?
There are many kinds of excess
and many kinds of sobriety. The problem is not necessarily the perk; the
problem is the quality of the work.
Toasts offered at lavish
Nixon/Mao banquets in the name of US-China friendship in 1972 marked a turning
point in diplomatic history. And even the most lavish food and beverage bill
would be a bargain if held in conjunction with peace talks between China and
Japan, for example, if negotiations could put to rest, or otherwise resolve,
the explosive Senkaku/Diaoyudao islet dispute. Bring on the sake and maotai! Fly in the best sushi and
seafood!
Cementing deals over food and
making toasts to friendship is an East Asian legacy that runs deep. Even in the
1980s, when China was much less affluent than it is today, and a good deal more
egalitarian, being invited for a meal at someone’s home was a grand gesture.
The meal might have been cooked on a single-burner hotplate on a busy staircase
outside a family’s one-room apartment, but it was always a multi-dish affair, a
way of showing generosity and respect.
What started out as a
heart-felt gesture may indeed have been corrupted over time, but will a
crackdown correct this?
China has a history of
swinging from one extreme to another, so even something as simple as a national
drive to cut back on banquets needs vigilant monitoring. Is it just a sop to
the poor, a showy show of belt-tightening, while the usual rules of a rigged
game rigged for the rich apply? Or is it the first shot in a new Cultural
Revolution, which will eventually lead to tables being overturned in fancy
restaurants and luxury cars flipped and torched by irate crowds?
The tendency for things to
swing in China could very well have deep roots in the rise and fall of
dynasties over the centuries, but in more recent times, one need not look much
further than the wholesale deracination from traditional culture, community and
organic growth by decades of divisive and destructive Leninist-style rule.
Whatever the cause for
China’s distinct political rhythms; long periods of insufferable status quo,
followed by brief revolutionary outbursts, it is the ordinary people who suffer
most. Xi Jinping’s populist appeal indirectly acknowledges that there is a
problem with hypocritical leaders, greedy tycoons, a politicized bureaucracy
and erratic --sometimes negligent, sometimes over-zealous-- application of the
law.
There are crackdowns that are
empty gestures for show, mere political posturing. Others achieve the opposite
of the intended result. Sometimes crackdowns are factional power plays, pandering
to public perceptions, while quietly eliminating rivals and consolidating
criminal networks. You have greedy leaders calling for law and order even while
they contribute to disorder and remain outside the law. You have police
instituting crackdowns and curfews even as the children of the rich and
connected run continue to run wild and inebriated, bullying anyone who gets in
the way, with “do you know who my father is?” And like everywhere, you have
silver-tongued politicians who talk the talk but don’t walk the walk.
Experience suggests that
anytime a powerful politician, especially one with vast, vested interests,
takes to the media and stakes out the high moral ground against one apparent
vice or another, one should snap to attention and listen. But don’t judge them
by their words; judge them by their actions.
